Human Factors in Maintenance Essay Example for Free

Human Factors in Maintenance Essay Nationair DC-8 Flight 2120 took the lives of 247 passengers and 14 crew members; 261 in all; during takeoff on July 11, 1991. The jet was owned by Canadian airline Nolisair, and was being operated by a Nigerian company to transport Nigerian pilgrims in and out of Mecca. The DC- 8 caught fire during take-off from Abdulaziz International Airport, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Pilots noticed problems during early stages of take-off and only made it 671 meters in elevation before attempting to turn around for a emergency landing. It was too late; the under inflated tires had overheated began to catch fire. The fire grew and blew out the hydraulics which made the emergency landing impossible. This was the worst wreck a DC-8 had ever experienced and has held the record for many years following. The NTSB concluded that the fire could have been handled by leaving the landing gear extended and away from the plane. Although the pilots failed to make the right decision, and added just one more human error to the equation, it was the obvious neglect by the maintenance team that caused this horrific accident. There are many human factors which played a vital role in the crash. The maintenance team failed to inflate the #2 and #4 main gear tires after recognizing the pressure during the pre-flight. An attempt to inflate the tires failed because there was no nitrogen available at the location. Further investigation shows later that the maintenance team recognized and had written up the tires during a previous A inspection but was signed off and overlooked more than twice before the incident. Human Factors Involvement There are many human factors that caused the Flight 2120 crash, and most of them are maintenance related. There was a Liveware-Liveware problem with the lack of communication between the lead mechanic and Director of Production. The Director of Production never questioned the lead mechanic and was said to have little contact with the him prior to this happening. Liveware-Hardware issues developed because of lack of qualified personnel amongst the maintenance team. The maintenance team did not have a qualified person to sign off the jet, leaving the task to the flight engineer who was not in tune with the maintenance team. The responsibility should have landed in the lead mechanics hands to sign off the maintenance write ups and the Director of Production should have been more involved by communicating with the lead mechanic and being more involved. There was a break down in maintenance even in the early stages of this TDY. The tires had been already recognized and written up during prior inspections, but pressure from the Project Manager to make the mission influenced the maintenance team to overlook minor maintenance issues at that time. Although seemingly minor at the time, the issues would later be the ultimate downfall and failure of the mission. Lack of communication and pressure caused the maintenance team to not see the importance of inflating the tires to the standard before going on a long mission. The minor task of inflating the tires to the standards before going on the long sortie would have negated the tires overheating and causing the plane to catch on fire and crash. The maintenance team was not the only factor which added to the human factors. The air crew is also responsible for some bad decision making skills also. During take-off one crew member was recorded stating that he thought he heard a main landing gear tire blow. The pilot failed to act upon and acknowledge this and carried on with the task. Pilots failed to recognize warning lights designed to inform the pilot of landing gear issues. While taking off the crew failed to use proper radio procedures regulations that kept them in contact with the tower. The night before the crash the pilots were out shopping and eating and not returning home until hours before take-off. The lack of crew rest could have played a role in decision making abilities amongst the crew. The crew showed up to the aircraft late which pushed maintenance to hurry and complete the pre-flight, giving them no time to perform a good complete inspection. Lack of leadership in the cockpit added to the advancement in takeoff. If the copilot trusted his own judgment and realized there was a problem in the main gear he could have stopped the aircraft from taking off. Safety Nets The crash of flight 2120 could have easily been avoided by simply following standard procedures set by international and local organizations. The maintenance holds the bulk of the responsibility in terms of human factors. The communication between the lead mechanic and AME could have been solved by following the chain of command. The director of production had very poor communication with the lead mechanic. This caused for a lack in communication from the there up the chain. The communication was broken at this given point in the chain of command and gave little information which is vital in aviation. The AME had direct responsibility to sign off the final for flight and it was handed over to the flight engineer whom had little knowledge of the maintenance operations. The maintenance team failed to complete given checklists and follow standards set by the FFA and international organizations. With the lack of communication, personnel, and leadership, along with added pressure, the aircraft was not mission ready and should have been better managed from top to bottom. The maintenance crew has very stringent tire pressure requirements and the responsibility lies in even the lowest level of operations to complete the task. The warning lights indicated to the cockpit flight crew that problems have arouse and they chose to ignore them. By receiving proper crew rest the night before, they might have had better decision making skills and could have made the right decision at the given moment. They also became complacent and did not use the communication procedures with the tower. Conclusion Human factors is the cause of most aircraft accidents and this one is a major example of how many human factors can play such a vital role. Flight 2120 shows the importance and how human factors can directly affect everything involved. The importance of being alert and aware of your environment can come down to one decision which can be the determining factor in any situation. The maintenance and air crew failed to follow written guidelines and standards of operation to protect the lives of those on board. The mission was doomed from the start by the maintenance communication breakdown. The lack of qualified personnel should have been one of the first red flags. The decision to not fix the problem and over look it several times put them in an environment where the tools needed for the job was not present. The lack of leadership from the bottom level of the maintenance crew to the pilot was a major issue. The lowest level maintenance personnel could have stepped up and brought about the problem. The flight of Nigerian Airway 2120 was that caused by human error. The horrific event shows the importance of following set standards and regulations. The crash exposes the vital role in the chain of command and how human error and lack of communication can break down at any level. References Aviationsafetynetwork.com American-bankruptcy.us.gov

My Philosophy on Education Essay -- Learning Personal Teacher Essays

My Philosophy on Education â€Å"Wake up! It’s time to get ready for school.† I loved those words as a child but grew to hate them as a teen. As a child, school consisted of hands-on activities, mingling with others, and enticing lessons. As a teen, school consisted of being forced to remain seated, reading a chapter, answering the questions at the end of the chapter, and completing a worksheet. I found school to be boring and excessively routine. Therefore, I never aspired to be a teacher. I cringed at the thought of that routine! After graduating from college with a degree in recreation and spending ten years in wonderful jobs that always led me back to children, like working at a child-care center for the abused, a children's museum, and a youth organization, I’ve finally stopped resisting what I’ve now considered to be the inevitable. I’ve embraced the idea of being a teacher. Unlike the cookie cutter approach, I want education to be a different experience for stude nts than what my experience was. Education can be and should be so much more. Education should include acquiring knowledge, processing knowledge in order to become a critical thinker, having book sense as well as common sense and thinking skills, using a variety of techniques, curriculums, and/or structure, and measuring results through testing as well as application. No matter what the stage in development, whether prenatal, toddler, early childhood, middle childhood, or adolescence, I believe that given the right tools, every child can learn. My husband is a special education teacher of students with many different handicaps, including the behavioral or learning disabled. Our conversations often include: â€Å"There is something that can touch each one of... ...t teachers, we enter the profession for the child not for the money, prestige, or rank. I plan to acquire teaching certification for Language. Whether English, Reading, Sign Language, or Journalism, I believe that communication, written and oral, is key to student success. I’d also like to combine Language and Journalism with my recreation degree in order to teach Travel WV and to pursue various writing possibilities such as travel writing and children's literature. I’ve helped create a traveling exhibit on WV Writers. I’ve attended several Children's Literature Conferences. I’ve written various curriculums, press releases, manuals, agendas, and evaluations for workshops, camps, and classes. Upon certification, I’ll continue to be involved with WV Writers and Young Writers, will be affiliated with WVEA and the NEA, and will pursue my Masters degree.

An Important Skill In Modern Education Education Essay

Critical thought is an of import accomplishment in modern instruction. Many academic sections hope that its pupil will be good at critical thought accomplishments. In my sentiment, I give support to use this in my category because it would assist all pupils to analyze and work more efficaciously. In this essay, I will present by and large approximately critical thought and argue that critical thought should be promoted in my category. With regard to schoolroom, critical thought theory can be summarized as follow: Definition of Critical Thinking â€Å" Critical Thinking is the general term given to a broad scope of cognitive and rational temperament needed to efficaciously place, analyse, and measure statements and truth claims ; to detect and get the better of personal biass and prejudices ; to explicate and show converting grounds in support of decisions, and to do sensible, intelligent determinations about what to believe and what to make. â€Å" ( Gregory Bassharn, william Irwin, Henry Nardone, James M.Wallace, 1959, Critical thought: a pupil ‘s debut ) . Critical thought in schoolroom includes three chief accomplishments: Understanding the statements and issues that are discussed in the category Measuring critically what are larning. It means discoursing critically the statement or thought. Developing your ain statements on peculiar subjects. The criterion of critical thought The most important critical thought criterions include: Clarity: A critical mind demand to understand clearly what other individual says and express himself clearly. Accuracy: It is the passion for truth, timely information Consistency: That are logical Consistency and practical consistence Preciseness: critical mind have to develop to detect the hints and so detect the solution. Relevance: It means critical mind should utilize the relevant information Logical rightness: It means ground right Completeness: It means believing profoundly and happening the kernel of the issue Fairness: critical mind have to hold open-mindedness Critical thought is good for many grounds. It helps pupils to analyze better by bettering their ability to apprehension, measuring and developing and supporting the statements and beliefs. The barrier of critical thought The most powerful barrier include: Egoism is the inclination to see world as centered on oneself. It include self-interested thought and self-serving prejudice Sociocentrism is group-centered thought. It includes group prejudice and conformity Relativistic thought is believing that is based on the thought that there is no â€Å" nonsubjective † or â€Å" absolute † truth. The most powerful of it is moral relativistic. Unwarranted premise are things we take for granted without good ground Desirous thought is believing something because it makes one feel good Critical thought should be apply in my category because many grounds. First of all, intent of specifically using critical thought in the category is bettering the believing accomplishments of pupils and therefore better fix them to win in the universe. Almost pupils in my category have ne'er been taught how to believe efficaciously about a capable affair, how to properly understand and measure it. That is believing critically. How a pupil can analyze efficaciously if they can non establish the basic accomplishments and cognition? In a logical manner, it can non go on. The pupils will make work less than their ability. The 2nd issue is feasibleness. My category is belong to a esteemed plan. The plan ‘s director will seek to acquire the best for their pupil. They will accept to convey this accomplishment into the plan if it is necessary. In my category, all pupils have graduated university before. They have adequate ability to analyze the new accomplishments. And they besides have inducements to seek to use it because of their good consequences. Therefore, it will be support by the pupils of my category. The 3rd issue is experimental method. Detect the universe, you can see that many states have use it into their class. My class can be analyze the experience of that states. With it ‘s ability, the class director can seek to ask for the instructor from that states to learn for this topic. And pupil can analyze about the theory of critical thought and utilize it for all of topics in the plan and for their life subsequently. That ‘s is why using critical thought can be perform from experience of other states in the universe. Beside of that, because critical thought aid people to believe and work efficaciously, it will assist all critical mind salvage the clip they spend for work. Therefore, pupils in my category can use this accomplishment, they will hold more clip for analyzing or other activities. When critical thought have taught in my category, I suggest some ways that the pupils can use it. The most basic type of critical thought is cognizing how to listen to a talk actively instead than passively. The pupils have to recognize it is of import and carry out it. A good book to read is How to Speak, How to Listen by Mortimer J. Adler. In category, pupils should inquire inquiry. Questions from pupils mean they are believing critically about what instructor are stating. After category, they should reexamine about the lesson and take note what they do non understand. In their instance, it will assist to better authorship accomplishment, a portion of critical thought. Students have to analyze the manner to transform the information and do it their ain by practising paraphrasis, sum up, or sketch all reading assignments. Writing forces them to form their ideas and believe critically about the stuff. They should pattern critical thought accomplishment in mathematic ( assist them believing about nature and world in empirical and quantitative footings ) , in term paper ( necessitating that they get, synthesise, and logically analyze information, and that they so present this information and their decisions in written signifier ) The last 1 is use critical thought in multiple pick reply and pattern their head to believe as critical manner. Finally, I perfectly agree to use critical thought accomplishment into my category because it help all pupils improve their ability in analyzing, in life with scientific discipline analyzing method. With this accomplishment, I believe that the pupils in my category will analyze better than in the yesteryear and they will hold clip to make more things they like.

Symbolism In The Tyger By William Blake - 901 Words

The Greek philosopher Epicurus, once said â€Å"Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?† To fully understand what God is and what he can do, His power must be brought into question. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† accurately portrays this reality and brings this thinking of God into the light with his poem. In â€Å"The Tyger†, William Blake uses rhyme scheme, figurative language, and symbolism to convey the question of why God would allow for there to be evil, and create evil Himself. Blake’s use of rhyme scheme throughout the poem adds a rhythm and set†¦show more content†¦For instance, through metaphors, Blake compares God to a blacksmith: What the hammer? what the chain, In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp, Dare its deadly terrors clasp! (13-16) This description describes a workshop where God is working and making the tiger. This brings up an image of God being surrounded by dangerous and conditions and in an unusual setting, that instead of being in a heavenly place to make his creation, the evilness of this creation is reflected through the dark conditions. Furthermore, apostrophe is prevalent throughout the poem, with it being directed to the tiger; â€Å"What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?† (3-4). The entire poem is addressed towards the Tyger, without ever losing pace, so that the poem continually stays on topic and on track. This makes the topic always have strong momentum and allows it to never lose power; it adds emotion by how the speaker is always asking and wondering how and why God would make such a beast, further strengthening the theme. As one can see, Blake’s use of figurative language with metaphors and apostrophe all work towards the theme of why God would allow evil in the world. The inclusion of symbolism in the poem further adds to the idea of the theme in Blake’s poem. As an example, the title of the poem itself, â€Å"The Tyger†, represents symbolism in the poem. The Tyger represents a dark side to all creations and to humans, showing thatShow MoreRelated, Allusion, And Symbolism In The Tyger By William Blake771 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake, the use of rhyme, repetition, allusion, and symbolism all help the reader understand the theme and what was going through the authors thoughts while writing. William Blake was a mystic poet who channeled his thoughts and questions to write poems. He questioned the creator of both the Tyger and lamb, how could the same God create a destructive creature like the Tyger and on the other hand create a gentle animal, the lamb. This ties into the theme of theRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagescreated, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo the common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such differentRead MoreWilliam Blakes The Tyger1115 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Lopez Period: 2 English 4 The Tyger Analysis It was said once that â€Å"Who wants flowers when you’re dead? Nobody.† Many times our own misconception can lead us to different perspectives and different point of views that cause a disunity between our ways of thinking. However nothing can be further than the truth and staying true to yourself. As for William Blake this is the exact concept efforted in his poem â€Å"The Tyger† as he introduces the concept of life’s creation and questioning the creatorRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.â €  The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifyingRead MoreThe Lamb and the Tyger Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tyger and The Lamb by William Blake, written in 1794 included both of these poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, takes readers on a journey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. These two poems are meant to be interpreted in a comparison and contrast. They share two different perspectives, those being innocence and experience. To Blake, innocence is not better than experience. Both states haveRead MoreEssay on The Symmetry: A World with Both Lamb and Tiger1063 Words   |  5 Pages Why did God create both gentle and fearful creatures? Why did God create a world with bloodshed, pain and terror? The Tyger by William Blake, written in 1794 and included in his collection Songs of Innocence and Experience, takes readers on a journ ey of faith. Through a cycle of unanswered questions, William Blake motivates the readers to question God. Blake sees a necessity for balance in the world, and suggests to the readers that God created a world with a balance of good and evil soRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake his idea that there are two different types of people in this world yet we need both for balance. His next poem The Chimney Sweeper has many hidden meaning within his poem about his views on society. Then he goes on in his poem titled Infant Sorrow to reveal his thoughts on non-conformists. William Blake makes a different criticism of society in his four poems The Lamb, The Tyger, The Chimney Sweeper and Infant Sorrow. To begin, William Blake uses his poemsRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger873 Words   |  4 Pagesduring biblical times. William Blake describes the young sheep in similar characteristics in the poem â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†. A tiger as we know its characteristics to be is fierce and mysterious. Always lurking around, waiting for the perfect opportunity to strike. In William Blake’s two separate poems he ties each of the poems together with in-depth understanding and symbolism. Both animals play an important part in both of Blake’s poems. The use of the lamb in William Blake’s poem is significantRead MoreContemplating Gods Creation in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger1205 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake was born and raised in London from 1757 to 1827. Throughout his early years, Blake experienced many strange and unusual visions, claiming to have seen â€Å"angels and ghostly monks† (Moore). For those reasons, William Blake decided to write about mystical beings and Gods. Two examples of the poet expressing his point of view are seen in â€Å"The Tyger† and â€Å"The Lamb.† Both poems demonstrate how the world is and to sharpen one’s perception. People perceive the world in their own outlook, oftenRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lamb and The Tyger In the poems The Lamb and The Tyger, William Blake uses symbolism, tone, and rhyme to advance the theme that God can create good and bad creatures. The poem The Lamb was in Blakes Songs of Innocence, which was published in 1789. The Tyger, in his Songs of Experience, was published in 1794. In these contrasting poems he shows symbols of what he calls the two contrary states of the human soul (Shilstone 1). In The Lamb, Blake uses the symbol of the